状态模式一般用来实现状态机. 状态机的实现方式有多种, 除了状态模式还有分支逻辑法和查表法.

有限状态机

Finite State Machine(FSM), 简称状态机, 状态机有3个组成部分: 状态(State), 事件(Event), 动作(Action). 事件也称为转移条件. 事件触发状态的转移及动作的执行.

状态模式通过将事件触发的状态转移和动作执行, 拆分到不同的状态类中, 来避免分支判断逻辑

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public interface IMario {
  State getName();
  void obtainMushRoom(MarioStateMachine stateMachine);
  void obtainCape(MarioStateMachine stateMachine);
  void obtainFireFlower(MarioStateMachine stateMachine);
  void meetMonster(MarioStateMachine stateMachine);
}

public class SmallMario implements IMario {
  private static final SmallMario instance = new SmallMario();
  private SmallMario() {}
  public static SmallMario getInstance() {
    return instance;
  }

  @Override
  public State getName() {
    return State.SMALL;
  }

  @Override
  public void obtainMushRoom(MarioStateMachine stateMachine) {
    stateMachine.setCurrentState(SuperMario.getInstance());
    stateMachine.setScore(stateMachine.getScore() + 100);
  }

  @Override
  public void obtainCape(MarioStateMachine stateMachine) {
    stateMachine.setCurrentState(CapeMario.getInstance());
    stateMachine.setScore(stateMachine.getScore() + 200);
  }

  @Override
  public void obtainFireFlower(MarioStateMachine stateMachine) {
    stateMachine.setCurrentState(FireMario.getInstance());
    stateMachine.setScore(stateMachine.getScore() + 300);
  }

  @Override
  public void meetMonster(MarioStateMachine stateMachine) {
    // do nothing...
  }
}

// 省略SuperMario、CapeMario、FireMario类...

public class MarioStateMachine {
  private int score;
  private IMario currentState;

  public MarioStateMachine() {
    this.score = 0;
    this.currentState = SmallMario.getInstance();
  }

  public void obtainMushRoom() {
    this.currentState.obtainMushRoom(this);
  }

  public void obtainCape() {
    this.currentState.obtainCape(this);
  }

  public void obtainFireFlower() {
    this.currentState.obtainFireFlower(this);
  }

  public void meetMonster() {
    this.currentState.meetMonster(this);
  }

  public int getScore() {
    return this.score;
  }

  public State getCurrentState() {
    return this.currentState.getName();
  }

  public void setScore(int score) {
    this.score = score;
  }

  public void setCurrentState(IMario currentState) {
    this.currentState = currentState;
  }
}

设计模式-状态模式

有限状态机